DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF BARS FOR DIFFERENT STEEL AND DIFFERENT GRADE OF CONCRETE


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TYPES OF CRACKS IN R.C.C COLUMNS

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Columns are load transferring member of structure. It transfers load from slab and beam to foundation. When an excess loads are activated on column or due to poor quality of concrete or workmanship, it results in a several cracks in column.

Types of cracks develop in column are given below :

1. Diagonal crack
2. Horizontal crack
3. Corrosion crack
4. Splitting crack

1. Diagonal crack : 

This type of crack developed in the column due to insufficient reinforcement and inadequate cross section of column. The main cause for developing diagonal cracks poor load carrying capacity of column. Diagonal crack can affect the soundness of structure hence it needs to be handle properly.

2. Horizontal crack :

Horizontal crack in reinforced concrete column is generally found at the beam-column joint, and on column face where tensile stress is massive. Columns with insufficient moment resistance strength, inadequate reinforcements, or disposition of installed reinforcement may lead to horizontal cracking owni…
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CHECKLIST FOR TERRACE WATERPROOFING (BRICK BAT COBA)

The following point should kept in mind during waterproofing work :

Remove extra mortar accumulated on terrace and clean the surface clean withwater.Fresh slurry is prepared by mixing cement with 1-2% super seal powder (acrylic based chemical).Leave sufficient margin (approx. 150mm) w/p from terrace door bottomlevel.Mark the levels on parapet wall allround.Provide rain water pipe outlet bend in correctposition.Make available well burnt brick bats, properly soaked inwater.Check for levels & proper slope towards, rain water pipeoutlet.Fixthebricks&fillthejointsofbrickbatswithC.M.1:5andmaintainaslopeof1:150withwaterproofing compound.Proper round shape to the mortar near waterpipe.Curing of brickbat coba for 7days.Spread the cement mortar of 1:4 proportion along with waterproofing compound over brick batcoba.Apply cement slurry over the surface along with waterproofing compound for smoothfinish.Mark lines on polishedsurface.Construct projected edge between the parapet & the wat…
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CLASSIFICATION OF STAIR AND THEIR USES

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STAIR TYPES AND THEIR USES Types of stairs is widely based on the shape of the stairs. Straight stairs, Turning stairs and Continuous stairs are broad types of stairs. A stair is a set of steps leading from one floor of a building to another, typically inside the building. The room or enclosure of the building, in which the stair is located is known as staircase. The opening or space occupied by the stair is known as a stairway. Types of Stairs – Classification of stairs:Stairs can be broadly classified into three types: 1. Straight stairs 2. Turning stairs 3. Continuous stairs 1. Straight stairs:Generally for small houses, available width is very retractable. So, this type of straight stairs are used in such conditions which runs straight between two floors. This stair may consists of either one single flight or more than one flight with a landing.


2. Turning stairs:Turning stairs are sub classified as: a) Quarter turn stairs b) Half turn stairs ( dog legged stairs) c) Three – quarter turn sta…
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